Epistemic and Political Struggles against the Privatization of Seeds and Collective Knowledges
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22380/2539472X.798Keywords:
Colombian Network of Free Seeds, decoloniality, commons, privatizationAbstract
Framed in a context of free trade policies and the privatization of the commons, this article analyzes the production of knowledge about ‘traditional’ seeds in the Colombian Network of Free Seeds, on two dimensions: (1) other ways of knowing and relating to seeds; (2) mechanisms by which these forms of know-how have been included and/or excluded from public policy. Drawing from critical studies on science and technology and decoloniality, we argue that there is a conflict
between two forms of conceiving seeds. One, born out of discourses and practices of development, where seeds are the capital of the agricultural biotechnology industry and the knowledges on how to preserve and grow them are privatized. Another belonging to a universe where seeds, territory, and knowledge interweave as a commons.
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References
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Nazarea, Virginia. 1995. Local Knowledge and Agricultural Decision Making in the Philippines: Class, Gender, and Resistance. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Parthasarathy, Shobita. 2017. Patent Politics: Life Forms, Markets, and the Public Interest in the United States and Europe. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Quijano, Aníbal. 2007. “Coloniality and Modernity/Rationality”. Cultural Studies 21: 168-178. https://doi.org/10.1080/09502380601164353.
RSLC (Red de Semillas Libres de Colombia) y Grupo Semillas. 2015. Las semillas patrimonio de los pueblos al servicio de la humanidad: memorias de los encuentros nacionales de la Red Semillas Libres de Colombia. Bogotá: RSL; Grupo Semillas.
Shiva, Vandana. 2001. Protect or Plunder? Understanding Intellectual Property Rights. Londres: White Lotus.
Vásquez, Rolando y Walter Mignolo. 2013. “Decolonial AestheSis: Colonial Wounds/Decolonial Healings”. Social Text Online. Consultado el 2 de abril del 2018. https://socialtextjournal.org/periscope_article/decolonial-aesthesis-colonial-woundsdecolonial-healings/.
Collins, Harry y Robert Evans. 2007. Rethinking Expertise. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Coomes, Oliver T., Shawn J. McGuire, Eric Garin, Sophie Caillon, Doyle McKey, Elise Demeulenaere, Devra Jarvis, Guntra Aistara, Adeline Barnaud, Pascal Clouvel, Laure Emperaire, Sélim Louafi, Pierre Martin, François Massol, Marco Pautasso, Chloé Violon y Jean Wencélius. 2015. “Farmer Seed Networks Make a Limited Contribution to Agriculture? Four Common Misconceptions”. Food Policy 56: 41-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2015.07.008.
Corrales, Elcy y Jaime Forero. (2007). La reconstrucción de los sistemas de producción campesinos: el caso de Asproinca en Riosucio y Supía. Bogotá: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana.
Epstein, Steve. 1996. Impure Science: Aids, Activism, and the Politics of Knowledge. Berkeley; Los Ángeles: University of California Press.
Escobar, Arturo. 2011. Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Fenalce. 2011. “Plan Maíz País”. El Cerealista (enero-marzo). http://www.fenalce.org/arch_public/paismaiz96.pdf.
Fitting, Elizabeth, Tamara Wattnem y Laura Gutiérrez Escobar. (En prensa). “Contesting Seed Standards: The Red de Semillas Libres in Colombia”. En Localizing Standards, editado por Christina Holmes y Janice Graham. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
Gobierno Nacional de Colombia. 2006. “Tratado de Libre Comercio con Estados Unidos: Acuerdo para la Promoción Comercial entre la República de Colombia y Estados Unidos de América”. Consultado el 1.º de marzo del 2018. http://www.tlc.gov.co/publicaciones/14853/acuerdo_de_promocion_comercial_entre_la_republica_de_colombia_y_estados_unidos_de_america.
Góngora-Mera, Manuel y Renata Motta. 2014. “El derecho internacional y la mercantilización biohegemónica de la naturaleza: la diseminación normativa de la propiedad intelectual sobre semillas en Colombia y Argentina”. En Desigualdades socioambientales en América Latina, editado por Bárbara Göbel, Manuel Góngora-Mera y Astrid Ulloa, 395-434. Bogotá; Berlín: Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Ibero-Amerikanisches Institut.
Grupo Semillas. 2011. Las leyes de semillas aniquilan la soberanía y autonomía de los pueblos. Bogotá: Arfo Editores.
Gutiérrez Escobar, Laura. 2016. “The Political Ontology of Seeds: Seed Sovereignty Struggles in an Indigenous Resguardo in Colombia”. Tesis doctoral, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
—. 2018. “Food Sovereignty and Autonomy”. En The Postdevelopment Dictionary. A Guide to the Pluriverse, editado por Ashis Kothari, Federico Demaria, Alberto Acosta, Ariel Salleh y Arturo Escobar. Londres: Zed Books.
Gutiérrez Escobar, Laura y Elizabeth Fitting. 2016. “The Red de Semillas Libres: Contesting Biohegemony in Colombia”. Journal of Agrarian Change 16 (4): 711-719. https://doi.org/10.1111/joac.12161.
Harvey, David. 2004. El nuevo imperialismo: acumulación por desposesión. Buenos Aires: Clacso.
Holt-Giménez, Eric. 2006. Campesino a Campesino, Voices from Latin America’s Farmer to Farmer Movement. Oakland: Food First Books.
Jasanoff, Sheila. 1990. The Fifth Branch: Science Advisers as Policy Makers. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
—. 2013. “Technologies of Humility: Citizen Participation in Governing Science”. Minerva 41: 223-244. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025557512320.
Kinchy, Abby J. 2012. Seeds, Science, and Struggle: The Global Politics of Transgenic Crops. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
Kloppenburg, Jack. 2005. First the Seed: The Political Economy of Plant Biotechnology, 1492-2000, 2.ª ed. Nueva York: Cambridge University Press.
—. 2010. “Seed Sovereignty and the Promise of Open Source Biology”. En Food Sovereignty. Reconnecting Food, Nature and Community, editado por Nettie Wiebe, Hannah Wittman y Annette Aurélie Desmarais, 152-167. Halifax; Winnipeg: Fernwood.
(LVC) La Vía Campesina. 2007. Declaración de Nyéleni. Consultado el 23 de noviembre del 2017. https://nyeleni.org/spip.php?article291.
Mignolo, Walter. 2002. “The Geopolitics of Knowledge and the Colonial Difference”. The South Atlantic Quarterly 101 (1): 57-96. https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-101-1-57.
—. 2003. “Globalization and the Geopolitics of Knowledge: The Role of the Humanities in the Corporate University”. Nepantla: Views from South 4 (1): 97-119.
Nazarea, Virginia. 1995. Local Knowledge and Agricultural Decision Making in the Philippines: Class, Gender, and Resistance. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Parthasarathy, Shobita. 2017. Patent Politics: Life Forms, Markets, and the Public Interest in the United States and Europe. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Quijano, Aníbal. 2007. “Coloniality and Modernity/Rationality”. Cultural Studies 21: 168-178. https://doi.org/10.1080/09502380601164353.
RSLC (Red de Semillas Libres de Colombia) y Grupo Semillas. 2015. Las semillas patrimonio de los pueblos al servicio de la humanidad: memorias de los encuentros nacionales de la Red Semillas Libres de Colombia. Bogotá: RSL; Grupo Semillas.
Shiva, Vandana. 2001. Protect or Plunder? Understanding Intellectual Property Rights. Londres: White Lotus.
Vásquez, Rolando y Walter Mignolo. 2013. “Decolonial AestheSis: Colonial Wounds/Decolonial Healings”. Social Text Online. Consultado el 2 de abril del 2018. https://socialtextjournal.org/periscope_article/decolonial-aesthesis-colonial-woundsdecolonial-healings/.
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Published
2019-06-30
How to Cite
Hernández Vidal, N. ., & Gutiérrez Escobar, L. (2019). Epistemic and Political Struggles against the Privatization of Seeds and Collective Knowledges. Revista Colombiana De Antropología, 55(2), 39–63. https://doi.org/10.22380/2539472X.798
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