Rituales Tukano de Violencia Sexual
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22380/2539472X.1889Palabras clave:
.Resumen
Este artículo trata sobre los rituales de la región del Vaupés, en el noroeste amazónico, que involucran violencia física simbólica hacia las mujeres. Estoy especialmente interesada en tres tópicos: la violación metafórica de pandilla, la captura ceremonial de la esposa y la amenaza de muerte que se plantea para cualquier mujer que vea los instrumentos musicales secretos conocidos como Yuruparí. Solamente considero los rituales que incluyen violencia simbólica contra las mujeres, muchos de los cuales ocurren en el contexto de los ritos de paso. Otros comportamientos que incluyen elementos rituales (por ejemplo, la captura genuina de la esposa), mejor caracterizados como actos de violencia contra las mujeres, se discuten aquí solo en tanto iluminen expresiones de violencia simbólica. Este escrito ofrece una explicación socio-estructural de por qué la violencia masculina colectiva es acentuada simbólicamente en el ritual, y de por qué estos temas están ligados a la sexualidad.
Descargas
Referencias bibliográficas
Arhem,K.1980 Observations on life cycle rituals among tbc Makuna: Birtb, initiation, death. Ethnographical Museum, Annua/ Report for 1978, pp. 10-47 Gothenburg, Sweden.
-. 1981 Makuna Social Orga11i.zation: A Study in Descent Alliance and the Formation of Corporate Groups in the North - Western Amazon. Uppsala Studies in Cultural Anthropology 4, Uppsala.
-. 1987 Wives for sisters: The management of marriage exchange in Northwest Amazonia. In Harald Sur and Frank Salomos, eds., Natives and Neighbors in South America: Anthropological Essays. Etysologisica Studier 38, pp. 130-201, Goteborg.
Bamberger, J.1974 The myth of matriarchy: Why mea rule in primitive society. lo M. Z. Rosaldo and L. Lamphere, eds., Woman, Culture and Society, pp. 263-80. S1.1nford: Stanford U Press.
Bidou, P.1982 Osincest and death: A myth of the Tatuyo lndiaos of Northwest Amazonia. In M. Izard and P.Smith, eds., Between Belief and Transgression: Structuralist Essays i11 Religion, History, and Myth. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 129-151.
Bloch, M.1980 Ritual symbolism and the son representation of society. lo M. L. Foster and S. H. Brandes, eds.,Symbol as Se11Sc. New York: Academic Press.
Bourdieu, P.1977 Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge U. Press.
Brownmiller, S.1975. Against Our Wi/1: Men, Women and Rape. New York: Bantam.
Bruzzi Alves da Silva, P. A.1962 A Civilizacao indigena do Uaupes. Sao Paulo: Missao Salesiana do Rio Negro.
Chagnon, N.1968 Yanomamo: The Fierce People. New York: Ho9lt, Rinehart
Chapman, A.1983 Drama and Power in a Hunting Society: The Selk'nam of1ierradel Fuego. Cambridge: Cambridge U. Press.
Charsley, S. 1987 lnterpretation and custom: the case of the wedding cake. Mar, 22, PP· 93-110.
Chernela, J . 1984 Female scarcity, gender ideology, and sexual politics in the North west Amazon. In K. Kensinger, ed. Sexual ideologies in lowland South America. Working papers in South American Indians N. 5, Bennington, VL. : Bennington College.
Collier, J. and M.Z. 1981 Politics and gender in Simple societies in S.B Ortner and H. whitehead, eds, sexual meanings: The cultural construction of gender and sexuality. N.Y.: Cambridge U. Press.
Collier, J. and S. Yanagisako 1987 Toward unified analysis of gender and kinship. La collier, J.F, and S.J Yanagisako, eds, gender and kingship: essays toward a unified analysis.Sstanford U. Press.
Crocker, J. C. 1973 Ritual and the development of social structure: liminality and inversions. In J.D Shaughnessy, ed, The roots of ritual. Grand rapids: William B. Eardmans.
-. 1979 Seives and alters among the Eastern Bororo. In D. Maybury-Lewis, ed, Dialectical Societies. The Ge and Bororo of central Brazil. Cambridge, M.A: Harvard U. press.
Douglas M. 1949 Natural symbols. Harmondsworth: Peagein.
Giacone A. 1949 Os Tukanos e otras tribus do río Vaupés afluente do Río Negro- Amazonas: Notas Eurográficas e folclóricas de um Misionero salesiano. Sao Pablo.
Gluckman, M. Les rites de passage, in M. Gluckman, ed, essayhs on the ritual of social relations. Manchester: Manchester U. Press.
Gregor T. 1977. Mehinaku: The drama of daily life in a Brazilian Indian village. Chicago: U Chicago Press.
-. 1985 Anxious pleasures. The sexual lives of and Amazonian people . Chicago: U. Chicago press.
Griffin S. 1979. Rape: The power of consciousness. New York: Harper and row.
Gulliver, P. 1963 Social control in an African society. London: Routledge y Kegan Paul
Hill 1987. The Anaconda and the Jaguar: Nominal classifiers in waku as a metaphorical theory of social agency. MS.
Hugh-Jones, C. 1977. Skin and soul: the round and the straight. Social time and social space in Pirá-Paraná society . Actes du XLII Congres International des Americanistes 2, pp. 205-15.
-. 1979 From the milk river: spatial and temporal processes in Northwest Amazonia. Cambridge: Cambridge U. Press.
Hugh-Jones, C. 1977 Like the leaves on the forest floor: ritual and social structure amongst the barasana. Proceedings of the forty-second international congress of americanists. Paris.
-. 1979 The palm and the Pleiades: initiation and cosmology in Northwest Amazonian. Cambridge: Cambridge U. Press.
Ireland, E 1987 Ritually sanctioned sexual attack , Ms.
Jackson, J. 1983 The fish people: linguistic exogamy and Tukano an identity in Northwest Amazonia. N.Y. Cambridge U. Press.
-. 1990 Gender relations in the central Northwest Aamzon. Antropologica, in press.
La fontaine, J.S 1985 Initation : ritual drama and secret knowledge across the world. Harmondsworth: penguin.
Langdon , J. 1982 Ideology of the Northwest Amazon: cosmology , ritual, and daily life. Reviews in Anthropology. Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 349-359.
Langdon, T. Food restrictions in the medical system of the barasana and Taiwano Indians of the Colombian Northwest Amazon. Ph.D. Dissertation, Tulane U.
Leach, E 58 Ritual. In D. Sills, ed., international encyclopedia of the social science, pp. 520-526. N.Y.: Mac Millan.Free Press.
Lewis, G. 1980 Day of shining red: an essay on understanding ritual. Cambridge: Cambridge U. Press.
Maybury-Lewis, D. 1967 Akwe-Shavante society. Oxford: Oxford U. Press.
Murphy, Y., and R. Murphy. 1974. Women of the forest. N.Y.: Columbia U. Press.
Nadelson, L. 1981. Pigs, women, and the men´s house in Amazonia: An analysis of six Mundurucú myths. In Ortner and with head, eds., sexual meanings: the cultural construction of gender and sexuality. Ny.: CambridgeU. Press.
Proradam (Proyecto de radargramétrico del amazonas) 1979. La amazonía colombiana y sus recursos. Bogotá, República de Colombia.
Quinn, N 1977 Anthgropological studies on women´s status. In B. Siegel, ed., Annual review of anthropology. Palo Alto: Annual reviews, pp. 181-226.
Reichel- Dolmatoff, G 1971 Amazonian cosmos. The sexual and religious symbolism of the Tukano Indians. Chicago: U. Chicago press.
Richards, A.I. 1956. Chisungu: a girl´s initiation ceremony among the Bemba of Northern Rhodesia. London: Faber and Faber.
Rosaldo, M.1980. Knowledge and passion: llongoty notions of self y social life. Cambridge: Cambridge U. Press.
Sanday, P. 1987. The ATO express: sexual politics on a college campus. Paper read at AAA meetings, Chicago, sessionon gender rituals and the sexual self.
Shapiro, J. 1972. Sex roles and social structure among the yanomama Indians of Nothern Brazil. Ph.D Dissertation, Columbia U.
-. 1987 Men in groups: a re-examination of patriliny in Lowland South America. In J. collier and S. Yanagisako, eds, gender and kingship: essays toward a unified analysis. Stanford: Stanford U. Press.
Sorensen, A.P.Jr. 1984. Linguistic exogamy and personal choice in the Northwest Amazon. In K. Kensinger, ed., Marriage practices in Lowland South America. Champaign? U Illinois Press.
Wagner, R. 1984. Ritual as communication: order, meaning, and secrecy in Melanesian initation rites, InB. Siegel, ed., Annual review of anthropology, Vol. 13, Palo Alto, pp. 143-204.
Whitehead, H. 1986. The varieties of fertility cultism in New Guinea: parts I and II. American Ethnologist, Vol. 13, Nos. 1 and 2.
